Resumen Existe una gran cantidad de información sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico temprano para la rehabilitación posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer a los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la rehabilitación de los pacientes un resumen de la evidencia disponible que colabore con la toma de decisiones en su práctica clínica diaria. Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios observacionales publicados entre el 1/1/2000 y el 28/8/2022 utilizando como motor de búsqueda PubMed, Cochrane y Epistemonikos con restricción de idioma a ingles y español. Los estudios seleccionados incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo sometidos a rehabilitación temprana. Los desenlaces considerados para eficacia fueron: función motora, lenguaje y dolor. Las intervenciones farmacológicas seleccionadas fueron: cerebrolisina, levodopa, selegilina, anfetaminas, fluoxetina, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsicóticos, memantine, pregabalina, amitriptilina y lamotrigina. Se realizó síntesis y evaluación de la evidencia utilizando metodología GRADE. Esta revisión proporcionó un resumen de evidencia sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico en la neuro-rehabilitación temprana de pacientes post accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. Esto permitirá mejorar las recomendaciones actuales con el objetivo de colaborar con la toma de decisiones en salud para esta población.

Abstract There is a wealth of information on early pharmacological supportive treatment for early rehabilitation following acute ischemic stroke. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals involved in rehabilitating patients with a summary of the available evidence to assist with decision-making in their daily clinical practice. A search for randomized clinical trials and observational studies published between 1/1/2000 and 28/8/2022 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane and Epistemonikos as search engines with language restriction to english and spanish. The selected studies included patients older than 18 with acute ischemic stroke undergoing early rehabilitation. The outcomes considered for efficacy were: motor function, language, and central pain. The selected pharmacological interventions were: cerebrolysin, levodopa, selegiline, amphetamines, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsychotics, memantine, pregabalin, amitriptyline and lamotrigine. Evidence synthesis and evaluation were performed using the GRADE methodology. This review provided a summary of the evidence on pharmacological supportive care in early rehabilitation of post-acute ischemic stroke patients. This will make it possible to improve current recommendations with the aim of collaborating with health decision-making for this population.

Resumen: El Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) es una escala que estima el riesgo de mortalidad en niños ingresados a Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UCIP) en la primera hora del ingreso. Objetivo: validar la escala PIM3 en población pediátrica que ingresa a UCIP en alturas sobre los 2.500 metros sobre el nivel del mar (m.s.n.m.), y evaluar si el lactato y el índice Saturación de Oxígeno/Fracción inspirada de oxígeno (SpO2/FiO2) mejoran su capacidad de predicción de mortalidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico realizado en diez UCIP de Colombia entre noviembre de 2016 y junio de 2017. Se recolectaron variables para cálculo del PIM3, lactato sérico y el índice SpO2/FiO2. Se validó su capacidad de discriminación con el área bajo la curva ROC y la calibración mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer Lemeshow. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2.803 registros de admisiones, con una mortalidad global de 4,8%, y razón estandarizada de mortalidad de 1,1 (IC95%; 1,00-1,3). El PIM3 mostró una baja calibración (p < 0,001) y una adecuada discriminación para la población aplicada (ROC 0,84; IC95% 0,83-0,86). La adición de lactato sérico y SpO2/ FiO2 permitieron una buena calibración (p = 0,75), y mantuvo una alta discriminación de mortalidad (ROC 0,86; IC95% 0,84-0,87). Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la escala PIM3 tiene adecuada discriminación, pero una baja calibración en niños admitidos a UCIP sobre los 2500 m.s.n.m.. Las variables lactato y SpO2/FiO2 mejoraron su habilidad predictiva.

Abstract: The Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) is a scale that estimates the risk of mortality in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) within the first hour of admission. Objective: to validate the PIM3 scale in pediatric population admitted to PICU at altitudes over 2,500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), and to evaluate whether lactate and the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) index improve its ability to predict mortality. Patients and Method: A prospective multicenter study was carried out in 10 PICUs in Colombia between November 2016 and June 2017. Variables were collected for the calculation of PIM3, serum lactate, and SpO2/FiO2 index. Their discrimination capacity was validated with the area under the ROC curve and calibration using the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: 2,803 admissions were included, with an overall mortality of 4.8% and a standardized mortality ratio of 1.1 (95%CI 1.00-1.3). PIM3 showed low calibration (p < 0.001) and adequate discrimination for the studied population (ROC 0.84; 95%CI 0.83-0.86). The addition of serum lactate and SpO2/FiO2 allowed a good calibration (p = 0.75) and maintained a high discrimination of mortality (ROC 0.86; 95%CI 0.84-0.87). Conclusions: The performance of the PIM3 scale has adequate discrimination, but low calibration in children admitted to PICU at above 2500 m. a. s. l. Lactate and SpO2/FiO2 variables improved its predictive ability.

Resumen La hidatidosis o equinococosis quística es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica causada por el estadio larvario del cestode Echinococcus granulosus. El hígado y el pulmón son los órganos con afección más frecuente. Su ubicación subcutánea es una entidad rara, poco descrita, y por ende un reto diagnóstico. Describimos el caso de una mujer, de 18 años de edad, procedente de un área endémica, que presentó un quiste hidatídico primario supraclavicular.

Abstract Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis is an endemic parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the liver and lung being the most frequently affected organs. Its subcutaneous location is a rare entity, little described, and therefore a diagnostic challenge. We describe the case of an 18-year-old woman from an endemic area who presented with a primary supraclavicular hydatid cyst.

Resumen La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica muy prevalente. Dentro de los tratamientos para la DM se encuentra la insulina que es el agente antidiabético más potente, sin embargo, una proporción significativa de pacientes no logra alcanzar el objetivo de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Los errores en la aplicación de insulina son un factor importante y corregible en muchos casos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con DM, antecedentes de neuropatía diabética, enfermedad renal crónica estadio V en hemodiálisis, hipertensión arterial, estenosis aórtica con recambio por válvula protésica, y anticoagulada, con escasa adherencia a recomendaciones higiénico dietéticas. Debido a la mala técnica de aplicación de insulina y falta de higiene, desarrolló varias infecciones polimicrobianas de piel y partes blandas, con evolución tórpida de las úlceras y mala respuesta al tratamiento indicado. Durante su internación, de una úlcera se aisló Fusarium oxysporum. Es importante jerarquizar la relevancia de la educación diabetológica en pacientes insulinizados y el rol de los educadores en diabetes en el cuidado de los mismos. Por otro lado, destacar la importancia de la toma de cultivos mediante punción de partes blandas ante la aparición de signos locales de infección.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very prevalent chronic disease. Among the treatments for DM, insulin is the most potent antidiabetic agent. However a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve Errors in the application of insulin are an important and correctable factor in many cases. We present the case of a patient with DM who, due to poor insulin application technique and hygiene, develops a skin and soft tissue infection with subsequent appearance of Fusarium oxysporum. It is important to emphasize the relevance of diabetes education in insulin ized patients and the role of diabetes educators in their care. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize the importance of taking cultures by soft tissue puncture in case of local signs of infection.

Abstract: The Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) is a scale that estimates the risk of mortality in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) within the first hour of admission. Objective: to validate the PIM3 scale in pediatric population admitted to PICU at altitudes over 2,500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), and to evaluate whether lactate and the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) index improve its ability to predict mortality. Patients and Method: A prospective multicenter study was carried out in 10 PICUs in Colombia between November 2016 and June 2017. Variables were collected for the calculation of PIM3, serum lactate, and SpO2/FiO2 index. Their discrimination capacity was validated with the area under the ROC curve and calibration using the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: 2,803 admissions were included, with an overall mortality of 4.8% and a standardized mortality ratio of 1.1 (95%CI 1.00-1.3). PIM3 showed low calibration (p < 0.001) and adequate discrimination for the studied population (ROC 0.84; 95%CI 0.83-0.86). The addition of serum lactate and SpO2/FiO2 allowed a good calibration (p = 0.75) and maintained a high discrimination of mortality (ROC 0.86; 95%CI 0.84-0.87). Conclusions: The performance of the PIM3 scale has adequate discrimination, but low calibration in children admitted to PICU at above 2500 m. a. s. l. Lactate and SpO2/FiO2 variables improved its predictive ability.

Resumen: El Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) es una escala que estima el riesgo de mortalidad en niños ingresados a Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UCIP) en la primera hora del ingreso. Objetivo: validar la escala PIM3 en población pediátrica que ingresa a UCIP en alturas sobre los 2.500 metros sobre el nivel del mar (m.s.n.m.), y evaluar si el lactato y el índice Saturación de Oxígeno/Fracción inspirada de oxígeno (SpO2/FiO2) mejoran su capacidad de predicción de mortalidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico realizado en diez UCIP de Colombia entre noviembre de 2016 y junio de 2017. Se recolectaron variables para cálculo del PIM3, lactato sérico y el índice SpO2/FiO2. Se validó su capacidad de discriminación con el área bajo la curva ROC y la calibración mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer Lemeshow. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2.803 registros de admisiones, con una mortalidad global de 4,8%, y razón estandarizada de mortalidad de 1,1 (IC95%; 1,00-1,3). El PIM3 mostró una baja calibración (p < 0,001) y una adecuada discriminación para la población aplicada (ROC 0,84; IC95% 0,83-0,86). La adición de lactato sérico y SpO2/ FiO2 permitieron una buena calibración (p = 0,75), y mantuvo una alta discriminación de mortalidad (ROC 0,86; IC95% 0,84-0,87). Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la escala PIM3 tiene adecuada discriminación, pero una baja calibración en niños admitidos a UCIP sobre los 2500 m.s.n.m.. Las variables lactato y SpO2/FiO2 mejoraron su habilidad predictiva.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dengue is considered to be the most important arbovirus worldwide, with important complications that increase its lethality. In Brazil, an endemic country, the disease reaches significant incidence levels, with occurrences of serious cases and high costs of hospitalizations for its treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors among individuals with recent histories of dengue infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional study, of epidemiological-survey type, conducted among the urban population of a city located in mid-northern Mato Grosso. METHODS: A seroepidemiological survey using questionnaires and collection of biological material was conducted among 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years who had been selected through a cluster sampling process. Positive dengue cases were those with positive results from anti-dengue immunoassays (ELISA). Statistical analyses with descriptive and inferential techniques were used, with 95% confidence intervals and a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The seroepidemiological profile of the study participants was predominantly female, with ages between 18 and 39 years, self-declared non-white race/color, not more than eight years of education and not living with a companion. Among the sanitary factors analyzed, the following were risk factors for dengue virus infection: no running water at home; no water supply from the public piped network; no waste from drains or toilets sent to the sewage network; endemic disease combat agents visiting the home; and presence of mosquito breeding sites at home. CONCLUSION: Low schooling levels and previous dengue virus infection were associated with current dengue virus infection.

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus of zoonotic origin that can bind to ACE2 receptors on the cells of many wild and domestic mammals. Studies have shown that the virus can circulate among animals mutate, lead to animal-to-human zoonotic jump, and further onward spread between humans. Infection in pets is unusual, and there are few human-to-pet transmission reports worldwide. OBJECTIVE To describe the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a domestic animal in Córdoba, Colombian Caribbean region. METHODS A cross-sectional molecular surveillance study was carried out, oral and rectal swabs were taken from cats and dogs living with people diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 was found in a cat living with a person with COVID-19. Genome sequencing showed that the B.1.111 lineage caused the infection in the cat. The owner’s sample could not be sequenced. The lineage is predominant in Colombia, and this variant is characterised by the presence of the D614D and Q57H mutation. CONCLUSION The present work is the first report of an infected cat with SARS-CoV-2 with whole-genome sequencing in Colombia. It highlights the importance of detecting SARS-CoV-2 mutations that could promote the transmissibility of this new coronavirus. There is still a significant information gap on human-to-cat-to-human infection; we encourage self-isolation measures between COVID-19 patients and companion animals. The findings of this study give a preliminary view of the current panorama of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals in Colombia.

Abstract In 2019 an oil spill spread over more than 4000 km of the Brazilian coastline. Monitoring programs that allow for the evaluation of potential impacts on communities and ecosystems and their recovery through time are needed and rely on baseline information previous to the oil spill. Here we compiled qualitative and quantitative data available from 8 studies on fish and benthic species from different habitats of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) from 2007 to 2018. We assessed the number of species from different locations and compiled information on conservation status and human use. We mapped the study areas and habitats and overlapped them with those affected by the oil spill. The RN state has a high diversity of fish (175 species) and benthic species (285 species), of which more than half of fish (52%) and 2% of benthic species are threatened and 72,8% of fish and 7,9% of benthic species are of commercial interest. Information of most habitats is still poorly known (i.e.majority ofthe available data are from unique and punctual sampling), which may weaken future evaluations of the real impact of the oil spill. Nonetheless, it is possible to design reliable monitoring based on our dataset, persistent contamination and future loss of diversity.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar fatores associados ao consumo abusivo de álcool entre profissionais de Enfermagem no estado de São Paulo. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle aninhado a um transversal. Foram coletados dados sobre características demográficas, do estilo de vida, capacidade para o trabalho, aspectos ocupacionais, do ambiente de trabalho físico e psicossocial e de consumo abusivo de álcool (questionário CAGE). Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: o estudo envolveu 119 casos e 356 controles. Após ajuste por idade, o consumo abusivo de álcool foi associado ao sexo masculino (OR: 3,39; IC95%:1,96;5,85), tabagismo atual ou pregresso (OR: 2,11; IC95%: 1,32;3,38) e à qualidade do sono ruim (OR: 1,91; IC95%:1,12;3,25); e negativamente associado a carga horária de trabalho semanal ≥50 horas (OR: 0,54; IC95%:0,32;0,92) e renda familiar mensal de ≥6,1 salários-mínimos (OR: 0,37; IC95%: 0,20;0,67). Conclusões: jornada de trabalho e características individuais estiveram associadas ao consumo abusivo de álcool. Programas de prevenção e tratamento do consumo abusivo de álcool em profissionais da Enfermagem deveriam ser implementados nos locais de trabalho, visando reduzir os danos causados pelo álcool para trabalhadores e pacientes.

Abstract Objective: to identify factors associated with alcohol abuse in nursing professionals in São Paulo State. Methods: this is a case-control nested in a cross-sectional study. We collected data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, work ability, occupational features, physical and psychosocial work environment, and alcohol abuse (CAGE Questionnaire). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: the study involved 119 participants in the case group and 356 in the control group. After age adjustment, alcohol abuse was associated with male sex (OR: 3.39; 95%CI: 1.96;5.85), current or former smoking (OR: 2.11; 95%CI: 1.32;3.38), and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12;3.25); and negatively associated with ≥50 weekly working hours (OR: 0.54;95%CI: 0.32;0.92) and a monthly family income ≥6.1 minimum wages(OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.20;0.67). Conclusions: working hours and individual characteristics were associated with alcohol abuse. Workplaces should implement programs to prevent and treat alcohol abuse in nursing professionals to reduce workers’ and patients’ alcohol-related harms.

Abstract Cancer represents the second leading cause of death worldwide, therefore, the search for chemoprotective agents is on the rise. The muscle of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the species analyzed as it has been reported as a source of compounds with antiproliferative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shrimp muscle-isolated compounds on cell proliferation and morphology of human cancer cell lines. The muscle underwent a process of extraction and fractionation of compounds; their effect on cell viability assays (MTT) on lung adenocarcinoma (A549), prostate carcinoma (22 Rv-1), invasive breast adenocarcinoma (MDA MB 231), colon carcinoma (HTC 116), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and non-cancerous retinal cells (ARPE-19) was measured. Morphological changes were observed using fluorescence microscopy and chemical structure data was obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance. Fraction named C5 showed the highest antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231, without significantly affecting the control cells. Subfractions C5-3 and C5-4 presented significant antiproliferative potential in MDA-MB-231; this cell line showed morphological changes that could be related to apoptosis, and spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of b-carotene and eicosapentaenoic acid in C5, nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine the effect of each compound.

ABSTRACT Two exotic fruit flies species, Zaprionus indianus Gupta and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), were detected in Argentina in recent years. In this note, the southernmost detection of Z indianus in Argentina and an estimation of the field infestation level caused by both drosophilid species on figs (Ficus carica L.) and raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are reported.

RESUMEN En los últimos años se han detectado en Argentina dos especies exóticas de drosofílidos, Zaprionus indianus Gupta y Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). En esta nota se reporta la detección más austral de Z indianus en Argentina y se estima el nivel de infestación a campo causado por ambas especies de drosofílidos en higos (Ficus carica L.) y frambuesas (Rubus idaeus L.).

Resumen Introducción: el virus chikunugnya ya se ha identificado en más de 60 países de Asia, África, Europa y América, y la cronicidad después de la enfermedad afecta la vida de los afectados por el virus, así como la sociedad, la economía y la salud pública. El objetivo fue caracterizar, mediante encuestas epidemiológicas, el perfil de la infección por chikungunya en un municipio de tamaño medio en Mato Grosso de acuerdo con factores sociodemográficos y sanitarios. Métodos: La encuesta epidemiológica en suero se realizó con 596 adultos de ≥ 18 años seleccionados mediante un proceso de muestreo por conglomerados, con aplicación de cuestionarios y recolección de material biológico. Los casos positivos de fiebre chikungunya fueron aquellos con resultados positivos en el inmunoensayo enzimático del virus anti-chikungunya (ELISA). Los análisis estadísticos utilizaron técnicas descriptivas e inferenciales con intervalos de confianza del 95% y un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: La prevalencia general de fiebre chikungunya encontrada en la comunidad fue de 8.4%. El perfil de infección por fiebre chikungunya está compuesto por mujeres (p <0.204), con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 39 años (p <0.780), más de 08 años de estudio (p <0.079), raza/color no blanco (p <0.871) y empleado en los últimos 12 meses (p <0.927). No residir con compañero afectivo fue estadísticamente significativo para la infección por el virus chikungunya (CHIKV) (p <0.028). Conclusión: El estudio encontró que las mujeres son las más afectadas por la infección, además de ser solteras representaban un factor de riesgo, y los comportamientos de riesgo, como la presencia de larvas y la cría de mosquitos en el hogar, reflejan un bajo nivel de conciencia de la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction: The chikungunya virus has already been identified in more than 60 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, and chronicity after the disease impacts the lives of those affected by the virus, as well as society, the economy and public health. The objective was to characterize, through epidemiological survey, the profile of chikungunya infection in a mid-sized municipality in Mato Grosso according to sociodemographic and sanitary factors. Methods: The serum-epidemiological survey was conducted with 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years selected by cluster sampling process, with application of questionnaires and biological material collection. Positive cases of chikungunya fever were those with positive results in the anti-chikungunya virus enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The statistical analyses used descriptive and inferential techniques with confidence intervals of 95% and a significance level of 5%. Results: The overall prevalence of chikungunya fever found in the community was 8.4%. The profile of infection by chikungunya fever is composed of women (p<0.204), aged between 18 and 39 years (p<0.780), more than 08 years of study (p<0.079), non-white reported race/color p<0.871) and employed in the past 12 months (p<0.927). Not residing with affective companion was statistically significant for infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (p<0.028). Conclusion: The study found that women are the most affected by the infection, as well as being single represented a risk factor, and risk behaviors, such as presence of larvae and breeding of mosquitos at home, reflect a low level of awareness of the disease.